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Research Papers

Translational activation of the non-AUG-initiated c-myc 1 protein at high cell densities due to methionine deprivation.

Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2175.

Abstract

c-myc belongs to a small, yet growing, group of eukaryotic mRNAs that initiate translation inefficiently from a non-AUG codon upstream from a more efficient AUG codon. We have examined the translational regulation of non-AUG-initiated c-myc 1 and AUG-initiated c-myc 2 protein synthesis in avian and mouse cells during proliferation. As lymphoid, erythroid, and embryo fibroblast cells approached high densities in culture, there was a sustained 5- to 10-fold induction in the synthesis of c-myc 1 protein to levels greater than or equal to c-myc 2 protein synthesis. Treatment with conditioned/depleted media from high-density cells was able to reproduce this activation in low-density cells within 5 hr. Additional studies with the conditioned/depleted media revealed that amino acid availability, specifically methionine deprivation, was responsible for this unique translational control. Our results describe a specific and dramatic regulation of dual translational initiation. Furthermore, these results represent a novel translational activation of a specific gene in higher eukaryotes in response to nutrient deprivation.

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