|
|
|
Research Papers
Department of Cellular, Viral, and Molecular Biology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84143.
Abstract
The proto-oncogene ets-1 is the founding member of a new family of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators. Using deletion mutants of murine ets-1 cDNA expressed in Escherichia coli, we show that the DNA-binding domain corresponds closely to the ETS domain, an 85-amino-acid region that is conserved among ets family members. To investigate the specificity of DNA binding of the ETS domain, we mapped the DNA contacts of a monomeric Ets-1 fragment by chemical protection and interference assays. DNA backbone interactions span a 20-nucleotide region and are localized on one face of the helix. Close phosphate and base contacts are restricted to 10 central nucleotides. Contacts map to the major groove in the center of the site. Flanking minor groove interactions also are predicted. To determine the sequence preference in the close contact zone, we selected a pool of high-affinity binding sites using a purified Ets-1 carboxy-terminal fragment. Our Ets-1-selected consensus, 5'-A/GCCGGAA/TGT/C-3', differs from the binding consensus for the Drosophila ETS domain protein E74A, suggesting that specificity of action of ets family members is mediated by the ETS domain. Compared to other well-characterized classes of DNA-binding proteins, Ets-1 produces a unique pattern of DNA contacts. These studies demonstrate that the ETS domain proteins bind DNA in a novel manner.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
H. Schmidlin, S. A. Diehl, M. Nagasawa, F. A. Scheeren, R. Schotte, C. H. Uittenbogaart, H. Spits, and B. Blom Spi-B inhibits human plasma cell differentiation by repressing BLIMP1 and XBP-1 expression Blood, September 1, 2008; 112(5): 1804 - 1812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Salnikow, O. Aprelikova, S. Ivanov, S. Tackett, M. Kaczmarek, A. Karaczyn, H. Yee, K. S. Kasprzak, and J. Niederhuber Regulation of hypoxia-inducible genes by ETS1 transcription factor Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2008; 29(8): 1493 - 1499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. C. Hollenhorst, A. A. Shah, C. Hopkins, and B. J. Graves Genome-wide analyses reveal properties of redundant and specific promoter occupancy within the ETS gene family Genes & Dev., August 1, 2007; 21(15): 1882 - 1894. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M.-X. Guo, D. Wang, H.-J. Shao, H.-L. Qiu, L. Xue, Z.-Z. Zhao, C.-G. Zhu, Y.-B. Shi, and W.-X. Li Transcription of Human Zinc Finger ZNF268 Gene Requires an Intragenic Promoter Element J. Biol. Chem., August 25, 2006; 281(34): 24623 - 24636. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. M. Lee, L. W. Donaldson, M. A. Pufall, H.-S. Kang, I. Pot, B. J. Graves, and L. P. McIntosh The Structural and Dynamic Basis of Ets-1 DNA Binding Autoinhibition J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2005; 280(8): 7088 - 7099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Liu, M. Holm, X.-Q. Xie, M. Wolf-Watz, and T. Grundstrom AML1/Runx1 Recruits Calcineurin to Regulate Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor by Ets1 Activation J. Biol. Chem., July 9, 2004; 279(28): 29398 - 29408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Dandre and G. K. Owens Platelet-derived growth factor-BB and Ets-1 transcription factor negatively regulate transcription of multiple smooth muscle cell differentiation marker genes Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2004; 286(6): H2042 - H2051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Ano, R. Pereira, M. Pironin, I. Lesault, C. Milley, I. Lebigot, C. T. Quang, and J. Ghysdael Erythroblast Transformation by FLI-1 Depends upon Its Specific DNA Binding and Transcriptional Activation Properties J. Biol. Chem., January 23, 2004; 279(4): 2993 - 3002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J.-M. Wang, M.-Z. Lai, and H.-F. Yang-Yen Interleukin-3 Stimulation of mcl-1 Gene Transcription Involves Activation of the PU.1 Transcription Factor through a p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Pathway Mol. Cell. Biol., March 15, 2003; 23(6): 1896 - 1909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Pikkarainen, H. Tokola, R. Kerkela, T. Majalahti-Palviainen, O. Vuolteenaho, and H. Ruskoaho Endothelin-1-specific Activation of B-type Natriuretic Peptide Gene via p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear ETS Factors J. Biol. Chem., January 31, 2003; 278(6): 3969 - 3975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. W. Garvie, M. A. Pufall, B. J. Graves, and C. Wolberger Structural Analysis of the Autoinhibition of Ets-1 and Its Role in Protein Partnerships J. Biol. Chem., November 15, 2002; 277(47): 45529 - 45536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. D. Haro and R. Janknecht Functional analysis of the transcription factor ER71 and its activation of the matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2002; 30(13): 2972 - 2979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. E. Schweppe and A. Gutierrez-Hartmann Pituitary Ets-1 and GABP bind to the growth factor regulatory sites of the rat prolactin promoter Nucleic Acids Res., March 1, 2001; 29(5): 1251 - 1260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. K. Mellott, H. S. Nick, M. F. Waters, T. R. Billiar, D. A. Geller, and S. E. Chesrown Cytokine-induced changes in chromatin structure and in vivo footprints in the inducible NOS promoter Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): L390 - L399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Salmon, M. Nonnenmacher, S. Cazé, P. Flamant, O. Croissant, G. Orth, and F. Breitburd Variation in the Nucleotide Sequence of Cottontail Rabbit Papillomavirus a and b Subtypes Affects Wart Regression and Malignant Transformation and Level of Viral Replication in Domestic Rabbits J. Virol., November 15, 2000; 74(22): 10766 - 10777. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Iñiguez-Lluhí and D. Pearce A Common Motif within the Negative Regulatory Regions of Multiple Factors Inhibits Their Transcriptional Synergy Mol. Cell. Biol., August 15, 2000; 20(16): 6040 - 6050. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
B. Chen, L. He, V. H. Savell, J. J. Jenkins, and D. M. Parham Inhibition of the Interferon-{{gamma}}/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) Pathway by Hypermethylation at a STAT-binding Site in the p21WAF1 Promoter Region Cancer Res., June 1, 2000; 60(12): 3290 - 3298. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
D. O. Cowley and B. J. Graves Phosphorylation represses Ets-1 DNA binding by reinforcing autoinhibition Genes & Dev., February 1, 2000; 14(3): 366 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
T. L. Goetz, T.-L. Gu, N. A. Speck, and B. J. Graves Auto-Inhibition of Ets-1 Is Counteracted by DNA Binding Cooperativity with Core-Binding Factor alpha 2 Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2000; 20(1): 81 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
T.-L. Gu, T. L. Goetz, B. J. Graves, and N. A. Speck Auto-Inhibition and Partner Proteins, Core-Binding Factor beta (CBFbeta ) and Ets-1, Modulate DNA Binding by CBFalpha 2 (AML1) Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2000; 20(1): 91 - 103. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Rao, L. A. Garrett-Sinha, J. Yoon, and M. C. Simon The Ets Factors PU.1 and Spi-B Regulate the Transcription in Vivo of P2Y10, a Lymphoid Restricted Heptahelical Receptor J. Biol. Chem., November 26, 1999; 274(48): 34245 - 34252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. J. Michelson, M. W. Collard, A. J. Ziemba, J. Persinger, B. Bartholomew, and J. I. Huggenvik Nuclear DEAF-1-related (NUDR) Protein Contains a Novel DNA Binding Domain and Represses Transcription of the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 Promoter J. Biol. Chem., October 22, 1999; 274(43): 30510 - 30519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. E. Boyd and P. J. Farnham Identification of Target Genes of Oncogenic Transcription Factors Experimental Biology and Medicine, October 2, 1999; 222(1): 9 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Kim, P.-L. Mao, M. Gagliardi, and P.-A. Bedard C/EBPbeta (NF-M) Is Essential for Activation of the p20K Lipocalin Gene in Growth-Arrested Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 1999; 19(8): 5718 - 5731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Charron, N. L. Shaper, B. Rajput, and J. H. Shaper A Novel 14-Base-Pair Regulatory Element Is Essential for In Vivo Expression of Murine beta 4-Galactosyltransferase-I in Late Pachytene Spermatocytes and Round Spermatids Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 1999; 19(8): 5823 - 5832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. A. Dickinson, J. W. Trauger, E. E. Baird, P. B. Dervan, B. J. Graves, and J. M. Gottesfeld Inhibition of Ets-1 DNA Binding and Ternary Complex Formation between Ets-1, NF-kappa B, and DNA by a Designed DNA-binding Ligand J. Biol. Chem., April 30, 1999; 274(18): 12765 - 12773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Rao, A. Matsumura, J. Yoon, and M. C. Simon SPI-B Activates Transcription via a Unique Proline, Serine, and Threonine Domain and Exhibits DNA Binding Affinity Differences from PU.1 J. Biol. Chem., April 16, 1999; 274(16): 11115 - 11124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. P. Haines, R. B. Voyle, T. A. Pelton, R. Forrest, and P. D. Rathjen Complex Conserved Organization of the Mammalian Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Gene: Regulated Expression of Intracellular and Extracellular Cytokines J. Immunol., April 15, 1999; 162(8): 4637 - 4646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Tian, B. Erman, H. Ishii, S. S. Gangopadhyay, and R. Sen Transcriptional Activation by ETS and Leucine Zipper-Containing Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins Mol. Cell. Biol., April 1, 1999; 19(4): 2946 - 2957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Wheat, D. Fitzsimmons, H. Lennox, S. R. Krautkramer, L. N. Gentile, L. P. McIntosh, and J. Hagman The Highly Conserved beta -Hairpin of the Paired DNA-Binding Domain Is Required for Assembly of Pax-Ets Ternary Complexes Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 1999; 19(3): 2231 - 2241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Rehli, A. Lichanska, A. I. Cassady, M. C. Ostrowski, and D. A. Hume TFEC Is a Macrophage-Restricted Member of the Microphthalmia-TFE Subfamily of Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors J. Immunol., February 1, 1999; 162(3): 1559 - 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z Wei, L. Angerer, and R. Angerer Spatially regulated SpEts4 transcription factor activity along the sea urchin embryo animal-vegetal axis Development, January 4, 1999; 126(8): 1729 - 1737. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Cederberg, M. Hulander, P. Carlsson, and S. Enerback The Kidney-expressed Winged Helix Transcription Factor FREAC-4 Is Regulated by Ets-1. A POSSIBLE ROLE IN KIDNEY DEVELOPMENT J. Biol. Chem., January 1, 1999; 274(1): 165 - 169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. W. Granger and H. Fan In Vivo Footprinting of the Enhancer Sequences in the Upstream Long Terminal Repeat of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus: Differential Binding of Nuclear Factors in Different Cell Types J. Virol., November 1, 1998; 72(11): 8961 - 8970. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. A. Dickinson, R. J. Gulizia, J. W. Trauger, E. E. Baird, D. E. Mosier, J. M. Gottesfeld, and P. B. Dervan Inhibition of RNA polymerase II transcription in human cells by synthetic DNA-binding ligands PNAS, October 27, 1998; 95(22): 12890 - 12895. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. L. Heckert, M. A. F. Daggett, and J. Chen Multiple Promoter Elements Contribute to Activity of the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) Gene in Testicular Sertoli Cells Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 1998; 12(10): 1499 - 1512. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. C. Estable, B. Bell, M. Hirst, and I. Sadowski Naturally Occurring Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Long Terminal Repeats Have a Frequently Observed Duplication That Binds RBF-2 and Represses Transcription J. Virol., August 1, 1998; 72(8): 6465 - 6474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Ma, Q. Su, and P. Tempst Differentiation-stimulated Activity Binds an ETS-like, Essential Regulatory Element in the Human Promyelocytic defensin-1 Promoter J. Biol. Chem., April 10, 1998; 273(15): 8727 - 8740. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Erman, M. Cortes, B. S. Nikolajczyk, N. A. Speck, and R. Sen ETS-Core Binding Factor: a Common Composite Motif in Antigen Receptor Gene Enhancers Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 1998; 18(3): 1322 - 1330. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
W. Dang, X.-h. Sun, and R. Sen ETS-Mediated Cooperation between Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs of the Immunoglobulin µ Heavy-Chain Gene Enhancer Mol. Cell. Biol., March 1, 1998; 18(3): 1477 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. K. Sapru, S. K. Florance, C. Kirk, and D. Goldman Identification of a neuregulin and protein-tyrosine phosphatase response element in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor varepsilon subunit gene: Regulatory role of an Ets transcription factor PNAS, February 3, 1998; 95(3): 1289 - 1294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Yang, D. Boffelli, N. Boonmark, K. Schwartz, and R. Lawn Apolipoprotein(a) Gene Enhancer Resides within a LINE Element J. Biol. Chem., January 9, 1998; 273(2): 891 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. P. Wade, L. H. Puckey, B. L. Knight, F. Acquati, A. Mihalich, and R. Taramelli Characterization of Multiple Enhancer Regions Upstream of the Apolipoprotein(a) Gene J. Biol. Chem., November 28, 1997; 272(48): 30387 - 30399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Yu, X.-Y. Yang, T. Schmidt, Y. Chinenov, R. Wang, and M. E. Martin GA-binding Protein-dependent Transcription Initiator Elements. EFFECT OF HELICAL SPACING BETWEEN POLYOMAVIRUS ENHANCER A FACTOR 3(PEA3)/Ets-BINDING SITES ON INITIATOR ACTIVITY J. Biol. Chem., November 14, 1997; 272(46): 29060 - 29067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Rao, W. Dang, G. Tian, and R. Sen A Three-protein-DNA Complex on a B Cell-specific Domain of the ImmunoglobulinµHeavy Chain Gene Enhancer J. Biol. Chem., March 7, 1997; 272(10): 6722 - 6732. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. G. Woodson, P. A. Crawford, Y. Sadovsky, and J. Milbrandt Characterization of the Promoter of SF-1, an Orphan Nuclear Receptor Required for Adrenal and Gonadal Development Mol. Endocrinol., February 1, 1997; 11(2): 117 - 126. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. E. Martin, Y. Chinenov, M. Yu, T. K. Schmidt, and X.-Y. Yang Redox Regulation of GA-binding Protein-alpha DNA Binding Activity J. Biol. Chem., October 11, 1996; 271(41): 25617 - 25623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Pio, R. Kodandapani, C.-Z. Ni, W. Shepard, M. Klemsz, S. R. McKercher, R. A. Maki, and K. R. Ely New Insights on DNA Recognition by ets Proteins from the Crystal Structure of the PU.1 ETS Domain-DNA Complex J. Biol. Chem., September 20, 1996; 271(38): 23329 - 23337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D Fitzsimmons, W Hodsdon, W Wheat, S M Maira, B Wasylyk, and J Hagman Pax-5 (BSAP) recruits Ets proto-oncogene family proteins to form functional ternary complexes on a B-cell-specific promoter. Genes & Dev., September 1, 1996; 10(17): 2198 - 2211. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Markiewicz, R. Bosselut, F. L. Deist, J.-P. d. Villartay, C. Hivroz, J. Ghysdael, A. Fischer, and G. d. S. Basile Tissue-specific Activity of the gamma c Chain Gene Promoter Depends upon an Ets Binding Site and Is Regulated by GA-binding Protein J. Biol. Chem., June 21, 1996; 271(25): 14849 - 14855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Petersen, J. Skalicky, L. Donaldson, L. McIntosh, T Alber, and B. Graves Modulation of transcription factor Ets-1 DNA binding: DNA-induced unfolding of an alpha helix Science, September 29, 1995; 269(5232): 1866 - 1869. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M K Shin and M E Koshland Ets-related protein PU.1 regulates expression of the immunoglobulin J-chain gene through a novel Ets-binding element. Genes & Dev., October 1, 1993; 7(10): 2006 - 2015. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J V Virbasius, C A Virbasius, and R C Scarpulla Identity of GABP with NRF-2, a multisubunit activator of cytochrome oxidase expression, reveals a cellular role for an ETS domain activator of viral promoters. Genes & Dev., March 1, 1993; 7(3): 380 - 392. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T A Brown and S L McKnight Specificities of protein-protein and protein-DNA interaction of GABP alpha and two newly defined ets-related proteins. Genes & Dev., December 1, 1992; 6(12b): 2502 - 2512. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S.-Y. Chiang, R. W. Burli, C. C. Benz, L. Gawron, G. K. Scott, P. B. Dervan, and T. A. Beerman Targeting the Ets Binding Site of the HER2/neu Promoter with Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides J. Biol. Chem., August 4, 2000; 275(32): 24246 - 24254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. R. Szymczyna and C. H. Arrowsmith DNA Binding Specificity Studies of Four ETS Proteins Support an Indirect Read-out Mechanism of Protein-DNA Recognition J. Biol. Chem., September 8, 2000; 275(37): 28363 - 28370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Gaines, J. N. Geiger, G. Knudsen, D. Seshasayee, and D. M. Wojchowski GATA-1- and FOG-dependent Activation of Megakaryocytic alpha IIB Gene Expression J. Biol. Chem., October 27, 2000; 275(44): 34114 - 34121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Fukada and N. K. Tonks The Reciprocal Role of Egr-1 and Sp Family Proteins in Regulation of the PTP1B Promoter in Response to the p210 Bcr-Abl Oncoprotein-tyrosine Kinase J. Biol. Chem., June 29, 2001; 276(27): 25512 - 25519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
|