|
|
|
|
Research Papers
Department of Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544.
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two functionally redundant genes RAS1 and RAS2, which are homologous to the mammalian ras gene family and are required for vegetative growth. We isolated and characterized five temperature-sensitive alleles of RAS2. In a ras1 strain, these alleles cause growth arrest at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Revertants capable of growth at the nonpermissive temperature define four recessive, extragenic complementation groups. Suppressors in one complementation group (designated yak1) are particularly intriguing because they appear to alleviate only the growth defect of the temperature-sensitive ras mutants and do not show any of the phenotypes, such as heat shock sensitivity or starvation sensitivity, associated with increased production of cAMP. The YAK1 gene has been cloned, and disruptions generated in vitro reveal that it is not essential for growth and that its loss confers growth to a strain deleted for tpk1, tpk2, and tpk3, the structural genes for the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results place Yak1 downstream from, or on a parallel pathway to, the kinase step in the Ras/cAMP pathway. Finally, the coding region predicts a protein with significant homology to the family of protein kinases, suggesting that loss of cAMP-dependent protein kinase function can be suppressed by the loss of a second protein kinase.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
S. Goyard, P. Knechtle, M. Chauvel, A. Mallet, M.-C. Prevost, C. Proux, J.-Y. Coppee, P. Schwartz, F. Dromer, H. Park, et al. The Yak1 Kinase Is Involved in the Initiation and Maintenance of Hyphal Growth in Candida albicans Mol. Biol. Cell, May 1, 2008; 19(5): 2251 - 2266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ren, A. Santhanam, P. Lee, A. Caplan, and S. Garrett Alteration of the Protein Kinase Binding Domain Enhances Function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Molecular Chaperone Cdc37 Eukaryot. Cell, August 1, 2007; 6(8): 1363 - 1372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Peeters, W. Louwet, R. Gelade, D. Nauwelaers, J. M. Thevelein, and M. Versele Kelch-repeat proteins interacting with the G{alpha} protein Gpa2 bypass adenylate cyclase for direct regulation of protein kinase A in yeast PNAS, August 29, 2006; 103(35): 13034 - 13039. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. A. Kelly and Z. Rahmani DYRK1A Enhances the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascade in PC12 Cells by Forming a Complex with Ras, B-Raf, and MEK1 Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 2005; 16(8): 3562 - 3573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. A. Zurita-Martinez and M. E. Cardenas Tor and Cyclic AMP-Protein Kinase A: Two Parallel Pathways Regulating Expression of Genes Required for Cell Growth Eukaryot. Cell, January 1, 2005; 4(1): 63 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Schneper, A. Krauss, R. Miyamoto, S. Fang, and J. R. Broach The Ras/Protein Kinase A Pathway Acts in Parallel with the Mob2/Cbk1 Pathway To Effect Cell Cycle Progression and Proper Bud Site Selection Eukaryot. Cell, February 1, 2004; 3(1): 108 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Schmelzle, T. Beck, D. E. Martin, and M. N. Hall Activation of the RAS/Cyclic AMP Pathway Suppresses a TOR Deficiency in Yeast Mol. Cell. Biol., January 1, 2004; 24(1): 338 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. B. Raich, C. Moorman, C. O. Lacefield, J. Lehrer, D. Bartsch, R. H. A. Plasterk, E. R. Kandel, and O. Hobert Characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans Homologs of the Down Syndrome Candidate Gene DYRK1A Genetics, February 1, 2003; 163(2): 571 - 580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Li, S. Zhao, V. Karur, and D. M. Wojchowski DYRK3 Activation, Engagement of Protein Kinase A/cAMP Response Element-binding Protein, and Modulation of Progenitor Cell Survival J. Biol. Chem., November 27, 2002; 277(49): 47052 - 47060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Taminato, R. Bagattini, R. Gorjao, G. Chen, A. Kuspa, and G. M. Souza Role for YakA, cAMP, and Protein Kinase A in Regulation of Stress Responses of Dictyostelium discoideum Cells Mol. Biol. Cell, July 1, 2002; 13(7): 2266 - 2275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M.-C. Chen-Hwang, H.-R. Chen, M. Elzinga, and Y.-W. Hwang Dynamin Is a Minibrain Kinase/Dual Specificity Yak1-related Kinase 1A Substrate J. Biol. Chem., May 10, 2002; 277(20): 17597 - 17604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Moriya, Y. Shimizu-Yoshida, A. Omori, S. Iwashita, M. Katoh, and A. Sakai Yak1p, a DYRK family kinase, translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates yeast Pop2p in response to a glucose signal Genes & Dev., May 15, 2001; 15(10): 1217 - 1228. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Zhang, M. M. Smith, and J. S. Mymryk Interaction of the E1A Oncoprotein with Yak1p, a Novel Regulator of Yeast Pseudohyphal Differentiation, and Related Mammalian Kinases Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 2001; 12(3): 699 - 710. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. N. Geiger, G. T. Knudsen, L. Panek, A. K. Pandit, M. D. Yoder, K. A. Lord, C. L. Creasy, B. M. Burns, P. Gaines, S. B. Dillon, et al. mDYRK3 kinase is expressed selectively in late erythroid progenitor cells and attenuates colony-forming unit-erythroid development Blood, February 15, 2001; 97(4): 901 - 910. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Griffioen, P. Branduardi, A. Ballarini, P. Anghileri, J. Norbeck, M. D. Baroni, and H. Ruis Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution of Budding Yeast Protein Kinase A Regulatory Subunit Bcy1 Requires Zds1 and Is Regulated by Yak1-Dependent Phosphorylation of Its Targeting Domain Mol. Cell. Biol., January 15, 2001; 21(2): 511 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
V. Rochat-Steiner, K. Becker, O. Micheau, P. Schneider, K. Burns, and J. Tschopp FIST/HIPK3: a Fas/FADD-interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase that Induces FADD Phosphorylation and Inhibits Fas-mediated Jun NH2-terminal Kinase Activation J. Exp. Med., October 16, 2000; 192(8): 1165 - 1174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. A. Lord, C. L. Creasy, A. G. King, C. King, B. M. Burns, J. C. Lee, and S. B. Dillon REDK, a novel human regulatory erythroid kinase Blood, May 1, 2000; 95(9): 2838 - 2846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Irniger, M. Bäumer, and G. H. Braus Glucose and Ras Activity Influence the Ubiquitin Ligases APC/C and SCF in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, April 1, 2000; 154(4): 1509 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Himpel, W. Tegge, R. Frank, S. Leder, H.-G. Joost, and W. Becker Specificity Determinants of Substrate Recognition by the Protein Kinase DYRK1A J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2431 - 2438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
X. Pan and J. Heitman Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Regulates Pseudohyphal Differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 1999; 19(7): 4874 - 4887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Souza, A. da Silva, and A Kuspa Starvation promotes Dictyostelium development by relieving PufA inhibition of PKA translation through the YakA kinase pathway Development, January 6, 1999; 126(14): 3263 - 3274. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Becker, Y. Weber, K. Wetzel, K. Eirmbter, F. J. Tejedor, and H.-G. Joost Sequence Characteristics, Subcellular Localization, and Substrate Specificity of DYRK-related Kinases, a Novel Family of Dual Specificity Protein Kinases J. Biol. Chem., October 2, 1998; 273(40): 25893 - 25902. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. L. Jaspersen, J. F. Charles, R. L. Tinker-Kulberg, and D. O. Morgan A Late Mitotic Regulatory Network Controlling Cyclin Destruction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 1998; 9(10): 2803 - 2817. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A. Reinders, N. Bürckert, T. Boller, A. Wiemken, and C. De Virgilio Saccharomyces cerevisiae cAMP-dependent protein kinase controls entry into stationary phase through the Rim15p protein kinase Genes & Dev., September 15, 1998; 12(18): 2943 - 2955. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
A.-M. Moilanen, U. Karvonen, H. Poukka, O. A. Jänne, and J. J. Palvimo Activation of Androgen Receptor Function by a Novel Nuclear Protein Kinase Mol. Biol. Cell, September 1, 1998; 9(9): 2527 - 2543. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
J. Bähler and J. R. Pringle Pom1p, a fission yeast protein kinase that provides positional information for both polarized growth and cytokinesis Genes & Dev., May 1, 1998; 12(9): 1356 - 1370. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. Paidhungat and S. Garrett Cdc1 and the Vacuole Coordinately Regulate Mn2+ Homeostasis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Genetics, April 1, 1998; 148(4): 1787 - 1798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Souza, S Lu, and A Kuspa YakA, a protein kinase required for the transition from growth to development in Dictyostelium Development, January 6, 1998; 125(12): 2291 - 2302. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. K. Palaty, G. Kalmar, G. Tai, S. Oh, L. Amankawa, M. Affolter, R. Aebersold, and S. L. Pelech Identification of the Autophosphorylation Sites of the Xenopus laevis Pim-1 Proto-oncogene-encoded Protein Kinase J. Biol. Chem., April 18, 1997; 272(16): 10514 - 10521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Gertler, J. Doctor, and F. Hoffmann Genetic suppression of mutations in the Drosophila abl proto-oncogene homolog Science, May 18, 1990; 248(4957): 857 - 860. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. F. Su, R. Knoblauch, and M. J. Garabedian Rho GTPases as Modulators of the Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Response J. Biol. Chem., January 26, 2001; 276(5): 3231 - 3237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||