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RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

Histone deacetylase-associating Atrophin proteins are nuclear receptor corepressors

¹ Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA; ² Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA

Drosophila Tailless (Tll) is an orphan nuclear receptor involved in embryonic segmentation and neurogenesis. Although Tll exerts potent transcriptional repressive effects, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been determined. Using the established regulation of knirps by tll as a paradigm, we report that repression of knirps by Tll involves Atrophin, which is related to vertebrate Atrophin-1 and Atrophin-2. Atrophin interacts with Tll physically and genetically, and both proteins localize to the same knirps promoter region. Because Atrophin proteins interact with additional nuclear receptors and Atrophin-2 selectively binds histone deacetylase 1/2 (HDAC1/2) through its ELM2 (EGL-27 and MTA1 homology 2)/SANT (SWI3/ADA2/N-CoR/TFIII-B) domains, our study establishes that Atrophin proteins represent a novel class of nuclear receptor corepressors.

[Keywords: Atrophin; Tailless; nuclear receptor; ELM2 domain; SANT domain; histone deacetylase]

Received November 18, 2005; revised version accepted December 30, 2005.

Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.1393506.

³ Corresponding author.
E-MAIL tsaich{at}umdnj.edu; FAX (732) 235-5038.

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