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REVIEW
Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
Extracellular secretion of products is the major mechanism by which Gram-negative pathogens communicate with and intoxicate host cells. Vesicles released from the envelope of growing bacteria serve as secretory vehicles for proteins and lipids of Gram-negative bacteria. Vesicle production occurs in infected tissues and is influenced by environmental factors. Vesicles play roles in establishing a colonization niche, carrying and transmitting virulence factors into host cells, and modulating host defense and response. Vesicle-mediated toxin delivery is a potent virulence mechanism exhibited by diverse Gram-negative pathogens. The biochemical and functional properties of pathogen-derived vesicles reveal their potential to critically impact disease.
[Keywords: Secretion pathway; vesicles; blebs; outer membrane; virulence factors]
E-MAIL meta.kuehn{at}duke.edu; FAX (919) 684-8885.
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