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RESEARCH COMMUNICATION

A viral caspase contributes to modified apoptosis for virus transmission

¹ Department of Entomology and Interdepartmental Graduate Programs in Genetics, Microbiology, and Cell Biology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA; ² Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, California 92504, USA; ³ Laboratoire d'Etude des Parasites Génétiques, Université François Rabelais, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 37200 Tours, France

The Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus, a DNA virus that attacks lepidopterans, codes for an executioner caspase synthesized by 9 h after infection of Sf21 cells. This caspase alone induces apoptosis in insect cells and, during viral replication in vivo, contributes to a novel cell cleavage process in which developing apoptotic bodies are rescued by the virus and differentiate to form large vesicles in which virions assemble. These viral vesicles disseminate to the blood, where they are acquired during egg-laying by parasitic wasps that transmit the virus. No other viruses encode caspases or form such modified apoptotic bodies, suggesting this caspase plays a direct role in cell partitioning that facilitates viral reproduction and transmission.

[Keywords: Viral caspase; apoptosis; ascovirus; viral vesicles]

Received January 20, 2005; revised version accepted May 5, 2005.

Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.1300205.

⁴ These authors contributed equally to this work.

⁵ Corresponding author.
E-MAIL brian.federici{at}ucr.edu; FAX (951) 827-3086.

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