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RESEARCH PAPER

RNA length defines RNA export pathway

Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan

Different RNA species are exported from the nucleus by distinct mechanisms. Among the different RNAs, mRNAs and major spliceosomal U snRNAs share several structural similarities, yet they are exported by distinct factors. We previously showed that U1 snRNAs behaved like an mRNA in nuclear export if various 300-nucleotide fragments were inserted in a central position. Here we show that this export switch is dependent on the length of the insertion but independent of its position, indicating unequivocally that this switch is indeed the result of RNA length. We also show that intronless mRNAs can be progressively converted to use the U snRNA export pathway if the mRNAs are progressively shortened by deletion. In addition, immunoprecipitation experiments show that the protein composition of export RNPs is influenced by RNA length. These findings indicate that RNA length is one of the key determinants of the choice of RNA export pathway. Based on these results and previous observations, a unified model of how an RNA is committed to a specific export pathway is proposed.

[Keywords: RNA export; mRNA; U snRNA; RNA length]

Received April 28, 2004; revised version accepted July 6, 2004.

Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org.

¹ Corresponding author. E-MAIL hitoohno{at}virus.kyoto-u.ac.jp; FAX 81-75-751-3992.

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