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RESEARCH PAPER
1 Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conneticut 06520, USA; 2 Department of Immunology, 3 Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, and 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; 5 Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
We show that intracellular transcription of G-rich regions produces novel DNA structures, visible by electron microscopy as large (150–500 bp) loops. These G-loops are formed cotranscriptionally, and they contain G4 DNA on one strand and a stable RNA/DNA hybrid on the other. G-loop formation requires a G-rich nontemplate strand and reflects the unusual stability of the rG/dC base pair. G-loops and G4 DNA form efficiently within plasmid genomes transcribed in vitro or in Escherichia coli. These results establish that G4 DNA can form in vivo, a finding with implications for stability and maintenance of all G-rich genomic regions.
[Keywords: G-quartet; G-tetraplex; immunoglobulin switch region; telomere/transcription bubble]
Received March 5, 2004; revised version accepted May 7, 2004.
6 Corresponding author. E-MAIL maizels{at}u.washington.edu; FAX (206) 221-6781.
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